Conflicts of interests: Profs. Mahfoud and Böhm are supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR219). Prof. Mahfoud is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie and has received scientific support and speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, and ReCor Medical. Prof. Böhm has received consulting fees from Abbott Vascular, Bayer AG, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Servier, Medtronic, Vifor, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Prof. Kintscher received research grants from Bayer AG, and speaker honoraria from Amarin, Bayer AG, Berlin Chemie, Novartis, Servier, and Sanofi, and participated in advisory boards of Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Sanofi. All the other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.