Conflicts of interests: FK reports personal fees from Novartis and a grant from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Project No. 413657723). UR is an employee of Novartis Pharma GmbH, Germany. RW reported receiving personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Servier and Vifor; grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, CVRx, and Medtronic; grants from Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, the European Union, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. SvH has been a paid consultant for and/or received honoraria payments from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BRAHMS, Chugai, Grünenthal, Helsinn, Hexal, Novartis, Pharmacosmos, Respicardia, Roche, Servier, Sorin, and Vifor. S.v.H reports research support from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, IMI, and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK). AA reports consulting fees and speaker’s honoraria from Boston Scientific and Bayer Vital GmbH. MB is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation; TTR 219, project number 322900939) and reports personal fees from Abbott, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Medtronic, Novartis, ReCor, Servier and Vifor. MS has received speaker honoraria and/or consulting fees from BMS, CSL Vifor, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi. SS has received honoraria as speaker or member of advisory boards by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Servier, Vifor; he reports research support from Alnylam, Akcea, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Servier.